Thank you @Humas1985 for your response!
I was able to use the MySQL version after adding the database name to the table names and removing some columns that were not available in BigQuery tables:
SELECT 'mysql' dbms,t.TABLE_SCHEMA,t.TABLE_NAME,c.COLUMN_NAME,c.ORDINAL_POSITION,c.DATA_TYPE,n.CONSTRAINT_TYPE FROM ['insert full database path'].INFORMATION_SCHEMA.TABLES t LEFT JOIN ['insert full database path'].INFORMATION_SCHEMA.COLUMNS c ON t.TABLE_SCHEMA=c.TABLE_SCHEMA AND t.TABLE_NAME=c.TABLE_NAME LEFT JOIN ['insert full database path'].INFORMATION_SCHEMA.KEY_COLUMN_USAGE k ON c.TABLE_SCHEMA=k.TABLE_SCHEMA AND c.TABLE_NAME=k.TABLE_NAME AND c.COLUMN_NAME=k.COLUMN_NAME LEFT JOIN ['insert full database path'].INFORMATION_SCHEMA.TABLE_CONSTRAINTS n ON k.CONSTRAINT_SCHEMA=n.CONSTRAINT_SCHEMA AND k.CONSTRAINT_NAME=n.CONSTRAINT_NAME AND k.TABLE_SCHEMA=n.TABLE_SCHEMA AND k.TABLE_NAME=n.TABLE_NAME WHERE t.TABLE_TYPE='BASE TABLE' AND t.TABLE_SCHEMA NOT IN('INFORMATION_SCHEMA','mysql','performance_schema');
BigQuery is actually quite intuitive. The noted errors helped guide me through all the needed corrections.